Tips for Potty Training Children with Autism, Sensory Processing Issues or Additional Needs

Potty training is a significant milestone for every child, but for children with additional needs, including autism and sensory processing disorder (SPD), the journey can require extra patience, tailored strategies, and an understanding of unique challenges. Toileting issues, especially around pooping, can be particularly difficult for children with special needs, making the process feel overwhelming for caregivers. However, with the right approach, potty training can be a positive and successful experience.

In this guide, we’ll explore practical tips to support potty training for children with special needs, focusing on sensory challenges, autism, and overcoming toileting obstacles.

Recognizing Readiness for Potty Training

Every child is different, and some may take longer to show signs of readiness. Look for these indicators:

• Staying dry for longer periods

• Showing interest in the toilet or potty

• Expressing discomfort with a wet or soiled nappy/diaper

• Awareness of bodily signals before needing to go

• The ability to follow simple instructions

Readiness signs in children with Autism or SPD

For children with autism or SPD, readiness signs might be more subtle. Some children may struggle with recognizing internal body cues, while others might resist change due to rigid thinking patterns. If your child is not showing clear readiness, don’t rush - forcing potty training before they are ready can lead to setbacks or behavioural issues.  You may need help from a Sensory Integration informed Occupational Therapist, or a behavioural therapist to assist you.

Addressing Sensory Processing Challenges

Children with sensory processing disorder (SPD) often have heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensations involved in potty training. Consider these adjustments:

1. Overcoming Resistance to Sitting on the Toilet

• Some children find the toilet seat too cold, hard, or unstable. Use a cushioned or adaptive toilet seat to enhance comfort.

• Try placing a footstool under their feet to provide stability.  There are also sturdy crouching steps that fit around the whole base of the toilet and are suitable for older children or adults.

• Allow your child to sit fully clothed at first to build familiarity and reduce anxiety.

2. Addressing Fear of Flushing Sounds

• Loud toilet flushes can be overwhelming for children with sensory sensitivities. Try using noise-cancelling headphones, noise reduction earphones, or allowing them to leave the room before flushing.

• Use a visual schedule to help prepare them for each step in the process so there is a clear start and end.

3. Tackling Clothing Sensitivities

• Some children dislike the feeling of underwear compared to nappies/diapers. Allow them to practice wearing underwear before beginning potty training.

• Choose soft, tag-free underwear to reduce discomfort.

Creating a Structured Routine

Children with autism and other special needs often thrive on routine. A consistent toileting schedule can provide predictability and reduce anxiety.

1. Establish a Predictable Schedule

• Encourage sitting on the potty at the same times each day (e.g., after meals, or before bed).

• Use timers or alarms as reminders.

• Keep the bathroom setup consistent to minimize anxiety.

2. Use Visual Supports

• Picture schedules or step-by-step charts can help children understand the process.

• Social stories can reinforce expectations in a clear and relatable way.

3. Positive Reinforcement and Motivation

• Praise small successes to encourage progress.

• Use a reward system, such as stickers, favourite activities, or small treats, to make potty training fun.

• Keep reinforcement immediate and consistent. Reinforcing the young person just for entering the room, or for sitting on the loo is enough to start with. Break it down into micro-steps to maximise opportunities to celebrate success.

Addressing Pooping Issues

For many children with special needs, pooping on the toilet is a major hurdle. Some common challenges include withholding, constipation, and anxiety around bowel movements.

1. Managing Constipation

• Ensure your child is well hydrated and eating enough fibre-rich foods if possible.

• Use gentle encouragement to help them feel comfortable when they need to go.

• Speak with your GP or a paediatrician if constipation is persistent.

2. Overcoming Withholding Behaviour

• Some children may resist pooping on the toilet due to fear or sensory discomfort. Be patient and avoid pressuring them.

• Try having them sit on the potty at regular intervals, even if they don’t need to go immediately.

3. Transitioning from Nappies/Diapers to the Toilet

• Let your child get used to pooping in the bathroom, even if they are still using a nappy/diaper.

• Gradually shift from nappy changes to sitting on the potty with the nappy on, then eventually without it.

Potty Training Strategies for Children with Autism

Children with autism may require additional strategies to help them grasp and adapt to toileting routines.

1. Use Clear, Simple Language

• Provide step-by-step instructions in a direct and literal way.

• Avoid using vague phrases like “Use the potty” and instead say, “Sit on the potty.” Remember SEN kids don’t always understand the negative word, so if you say ‘don’t poop on the floor’, they only hear the instruction ‘poop on the floor’ so be careful to only say what you want to see, not what you don’t want to see.

2. Minimize Transitions and Changes

• Sudden changes can be distressing. Make transitions gradual and offer visual or verbal cues in advance.

3. Encourage Independence at Their Own Pace

• Start with small steps, such as pulling down pants, flushing, or washing hands.

• Allow the child to take control as they gain confidence.

Handling Accidents and Setbacks

Setbacks are normal, and it’s essential to respond with patience and reassurance.

• Stay calm and avoid punishment: Negative reactions can create anxiety and resistance.

• Reassess the approach: If progress stalls, consider whether your child needs a different strategy.

• Encourage cleanup participation: Let your child help clean up in a supportive way to reinforce responsibility.

Support for Caregivers

Caring for a child with additional needs can be demanding, and potty training is no exception. Seek support when needed:

• Join online or local support groups for parents of children with special needs may be a source of support and understanding.

• Consult with occupational therapists or behavioural specialists for personalized strategies privately if you can afford to, or seek referrals through your GP.

• Take breaks where you can and practice self-care to maintain your well-being.

Potty training a child with special needs requires a tailored approach, patience, and a positive attitude. By understanding sensory challenges, establishing routines, and using adaptive strategies, caregivers can help their child achieve toileting success. Remember, every child’s journey is unique, and progress will come if you work at their pace.

If you have experiences or tips to share, feel free to let us know. Your insights could help another caregiver on their potty-training journey!